Mark Haynes will discuss the history of computational machines from the Egyptians to the 19th century. A distinguishing trait of human beings is that we make and use tools but does that go far enough? Many animals use tools. Maybe a better definition involves using computational tools and labor-saving devices, to help with advanced cognitive functions, such as computers. We will briefly discuss the development and use of computational devices. We will explore the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Sumerians, Chinese, and Europeans. Finally, we will briefly touch on the Babbage machines.